Category: Memory Disorders

When to Seek a Nursing Home

Dr. Holzmacher's Business LogoWhen is it the correct time to seek the assistance of a nursing home?  This is a monumental decision.   An initial hurdle is the public perception of nursing homes.  It is the place to go when one is ready to die.  This remains true for some, but much less than even twenty years ago.  Over half the patients admitted to Florida nursing homes leave in a better condition than when they were admitted.  Increasingly, nursing homes are fulfilling the duties of hospitals.  Most rehabilitation is now conducted in nursing homes, rather than hospitals and free standing rehab centers.  Rehabilitation is a general term for physical, occupational and speech therapy services.  In the state of Florida it would be fair to say that emergencies are evaluated at the hospital, but most of the long-term treatment occurs in the nursing home.

In the most general terms, seek nursing home treatment for a loved one when you are no longer able to care for them at home.  This statement sounds a bit obvious, but it is not obvious in practice.  Most people in the United States wait too long before seeking treatment for a loved one with Alzheimer’s Disease.  I will repeat that statement.  Most people wait too long for nursing home treatment.  This fly’s in the face of world opinion that American’s are quick to institutionalize the elderly.  Over the last twenty years, I have treated hundreds of patients whose only crime was to care for a demented loved one until they were physically and emotionally exhausted.  I have witnessed dozens of families form three shifts to care for an elderly parent twenty four hours a day, seven days a week.

An especially poignant example is a family aftercare group.  A woman tearfully described the guilt she experienced placing her mother in the nursing home.  She had cared for her severely demented mother for nearly twenty years; seriously impacting her marriage and career.  Like so many, she found herself in the unpleasant and awkward position of changing her mother’s dirty diapers.  At the time of her mother’s admission, she was over one hundred years old, and required total care for bathing, dressing and toileting.  Her tears became torrential when others in the group reflected the depth of her devotion and sacrifice.  The situation was not unusual, it was the support she received from peers of her own age that etched the story into memory.
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Another misconception is that demented elderly patients will decline rapidly in the nursing home.  It is may be awkward for family members to admit their loved one has mentally and physically improved in the nursing home.  It is easier to coordinate physician care in the nursing home.  On an outpatient basis, physicians rarely have a coordinated picture of the total clinical situation.  Said another way, Dr. A may unfortunately not be aware of what Dr. B has prescribed.  Dr. B may not be aware there is a Dr. A. .  In the nursing home, there is a master medication record, and this record is often reviewed by pharmacists to catch possible drug interactions-or just plain errors.  The nearly universal lack of coordinated outpatient care leads to many preventable iatrogenic hospital and nursing home admissions.  A potentially positive aspect of nursing home care is the increased socialization.  So many widowed and single elderly become extremely isolated, and this lack of socialization may be destructive to their mental and emotional functioning.  Family members are often surprised to the degree their loved one’s spirits have brightened in the nursing home.

A general rule of caring for a loved one is to not exhaust yourself in the process.  Once exhausted, a caretaker is largely worthless to the patient and themselves.  You will not be doing anyone a favor by working yourself to death.  Do not be deceived that nursing home placement is a sign of personal failure, or that keeping a loved one in their home will slow the disease.  Consider adult day care if you are becoming exhausted caring for a person with a progressive dementia.  Once the loved one experiences falls, becomes aggressive or escapes from the home, have them evaluated as soon as possible.  Please visit local nursing homes and develop a relationship with the ones that appear most promising.  Do not wait to evaluate institutions until the patient has an emergency-typically a fall.  Please listen to close others who tell you to lighten the workload.  We only know ourselves through the eyes of others.  A happy nursing home visitor will likely do more for the patient’s spirits than a depleted caretaker cleaning another diaper.

What’s Up with Mom?

Business Logo for Psychological and Neuropsychological IssuesWhat’s up with Mom?  We moved her into a new apartment over the weekend, and she is not like anything or anyone I’ve seen before.  She is so confused she has forgotten to eat; sitting and staring for hours, or up at night and wondering the hallways.  All the children take shifts supervising her, but the situation does not appear to be resolving.  It tears me up to see her like this.  What is worse, the our family is splitting down the middle; some favor keeping her in the apartment no matter what arises, and the rest believe she should be in a nursing home.  I don’t know where to turn.

This is a paraphrased narrative that I have heard literally hundreds of times.  Neurologists of old called this the “Monday Morning Disease.”  It refers to family that did not notice a loved one becoming senile until some change in their environment produced confusion.  Most families will report changes in the patient’s behavior over a one to two year period prior to an incident, only they did not ascribe them to a senile dementia of the Alzheimer’s type.

One of the earliest symptoms of Alzheimer’s to escape the notice of others is a deficit of planning.  It is not as noticeable as memory or attention deficits, yet it causes profound functional impairment.  As long as the dementia victim relies on old well-learned behavioral routines, there is minimal trouble living independently.  Once a person’s daily behaviors are upset by a move, they must develop new functional behaviors that accomplish goals necessary to live; for example, shopping for food.  In a new environment, the person lacks clues to their old behaviors, and so are at a complete loss for where to go and what to do.  Many cognitive scientists (fancy term for psychologist) conceptualize humans as planning machines.  As you read this post, you may also be thinking of what you are going to do next, and you may even formalize the steps to accomplish this goal.  Children burst with plans for what they will do after school.  Do not mistake deficient planning for a lack of energy or optimism.  Planning is a necessary cognitive skill for survival, and it is one of the earliest functions to decline in a senile dementia.
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Another early cognitive deficit is a decline of mental flexibility.  This is not to be confused with someone who is easygoing and complaint with the wishes of others.  Cognitive flexibility refers to a person’s ability to switch between mental sets; for example, glancing at a drawing and putting together a model.  It is a necessary skill we all employ every day to accomplish tasks with greater efficiency and accuracy.  It is evident while doing the dishes and answering the telephone, alternating between tasks at work, and making conversation while driving.  When this skill declines, the person is noticed to be performing behaviors that are out of character with the situation.  In my residency, the team was to discharge a patient to independent living when I noticed he had taken apart his shaver and laid it across his bed.  The patient missed several physical therapy sessions due to his insistence he had to fix the shaver.  The shaver was busted, but he could not conceive of working alternately on the shaver and his ambulation.  He became obsessed (stimulus bound) to the shaver; neglecting more important goals that he had to accomplish.  While it may appear as a failure to prioritize his goals, this unfortunate man could not accomplish the main goal because he was stimulus bound to an unimportant goal.

The early deficits of a senile dementia are subtle, yet as real and damaging to an independent existence as the deficits of verbal and visual memory.  The latter deficits are well known to the average person.  Memory skills are the main determinant of Alzheimer’s Disease in most people’s minds.  Actually, verbal and visual memory may be functional well into the disease, and these “executive” deficits of planning and flexibility may be crippling at an earlier stage of the disease.  In terms of planning the future for someone with a known or suspected senile dementia, the family should take these symptoms into account.  It reduces the probability of a Monday morning surprise.  Please leave comments regarding this post in the space provided below.

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