Category: Psychology

Growing Older, Not Bolder

Business Logo for Psychological and Neuropsychological IssuesThere was an initial shock in providing psychological services to nursing homes.  It was less from the environment than the unexpected nature of the patient’s comments.  Bed-ridden patients warned staff to make travel arrangements as soon as possible; do not wait until they are too old and sick.  Most believed the whole notion of the “golden years” to be a cruel myth.  The very mention of “golden years” often forced an eye roll-even overt anger.  Story after story related a lifetime of work and sacrifice, with the view of saving money to effect a pleasant retirement.  The climax of so many stories was that a serious medical problem interrupted their plans.  Despite time and money, the retiree was not going beyond their front door.

Another unexpected facet of nursing home culture was the perception of children.  So many had come to believe that their offspring were downright traitors.  The truth is that responsible children are often required to liquidate their parent’s assets to pay for medical care.  This rarely sits well with the parents.  It is especially bothersome to those with dementia, since they are unable to understand the rationale for the actions of their children.  Often such demented patients only retain the emotionally charged aspects of the message, which is typically that their home was sold beneath them.  The logical conclusion, based on the few facts they retain, is that the children want to grab their money before they die.  This is rarely the case.  It is heartbreaking for the children to perform so much work for their parent, only to be regarded as little better than a criminal.

The brooding disappointment of extreme old age is not just relegated to the depressed individuals.  The loss of independence rarely sits well with Americans.  Many cultures appear to accept this as unavoidable, but Americans do not like the word “unavoidable.”  To work and plan for decades, only to be thwarted at the last moment, strikes Americans as horribly unfair.  The experience of other cultures is that life is often unfair, and this fact does not improve with age.  The American perspective on fairness is less prevalent with the older generations.  Two world wars and a depression impacted them in a way that is foreign to baby-boomers and beyond.  It is likely that the reaction of subsequent generations to nursing home placement will be increasingly negative.  While the WWII generation is less apt to gripe about fairness, they remain extremely adverse to depending on others.

These medicines bargain prices viagra tablets online work in the body by improving general and nervous system condition Kesar – an aphrodisiac and a nervine tonic that provides anti fatigue and destressing property. The emasculated male is a subject of tadalafil for sale cheap profuse ridicule across the world. This viagra online in canada donssite.com data reflects the feedback of 670 Swedish occupational therapists who were interviewed for this research. Let us get a background of who prefers getting a facelift surgery in the following: Visible signs of aging may convince/compel a person for getting plastic surgery Sagging online viagra pills skin on the face or neck may trigger the testosterone levels from inside. The main deterrent to a bad nursing home placement is a realistic perspective.  We all grow old and die-if we are lucky.  That sounds cruel to those outside the health care industry, but it is self-evident to those who are involved in the system.  Many individuals suffer and die while relatively young.  Perhaps the best adjustment to nursing home care is observed for individuals that were sickly in their youth, and never expected to live to a ripe old age.  These people were forced to adopt an existentially realistic attitude at a young age.  As mentioned, many cultures are happy with basic subsistence.  They appreciate the personal service in a nursing home, since such luxuries are foreign to them.  For most Americans, there are never enough staff, and they never come quick enough to suite their taste.

A change in perspective would also alleviate rancor between the patient and responsible children.  In order to liquidate assets to pay for medical care, children are  often forced to seek the paid assistance of consultants.  It would simply the process to have disinterested third parties perform this action, as part of the government benefit.  Strangely, even demented nursing home patients rarely become agitated over this process if performed by an attorney.  While the author has listened to thousands of complaints regarding the motives of the children, even one such complaint directed at an attorney cannot be recalled.  This should not be taken as an endorsement of attorneys, rather it speaks to the reduced agitation inherent in having a third party manage the assets.  Since most people cannot afford attorneys, it is necessary to make the service part of the Medicare or Medicaid benefit.

Growing older is not a right, but the benefit of a life well-lived.  Even though fifty percent of nursing home patients return home, the typical belief is that nursing homes only function as a place to die.  Often, the staff and doctors do not know who will improve, such that the patient is held in a state of suspense.  Placement within a nursing home may be the final hurdle; a concrete message that one’s life is limited and will soon be over.  How well we accept this message says not only a lot about ourselves, but also the culture that has influenced our values and expectations.  Still, all in all…it’s probably better to take that world cruise now.

Dream a Little Dream

Business Logo for Psychological and Neuropsychological IssuesIs dream interpretation an important component of psychotherapy?  The answer to this question depends on what school of thought the psychotherapist holds most dear.  Behaviorists of the B. F. Skinner tradition regard dreams as a largely useless substance leaking from the black box of the brain.  Psychotherapists within the Freudian tradition will sit on the edge of their chairs at the mere mention of a dream.  There is a huge chasm of belief that divides the conception of dream content, and its importance within the psychotherapeutic context.  Different schools of psychotherapy regard dreams differently, and all the schools believe they are correct.  The very existence of these “schools” of psychological thought is part of the problem.

Most psychologists are painfully aware that physicists and biologists do not subscribe to different “schools” of thought within their fields.  Thinking within the hard sciences changes in relation to empirical (experimental) evidence.  There is typically a “school” of theoretical belief within the hard sciences, but a belief is not typically accepted as factual without experimental justification.  In clinical psychology, theoretical “schools” of thought are often taken as factual, even if the experimental evidence is not particularly supportive.

Behaviorism is the most empirically driven of all the psychotherapeutic schools of thought.  Its deceptively simple design lends itself well to the experimental process.  While behaviorists may regard dreams as a useless epiphenomenon of the mind, their elegant experiments do not actually disprove the importance of dreams.  On the other hand, behaviorists have proven that human behavior may be modified without the use of dream interpretation.  To their credit, the various offshoots of Freudian psychotherapy have become more empirical in the last twenty years.  Neo-Freudian research has yet to prove that dreams are indispensable to a favorable psychotherapeutic outcome.  Neither “school” of thought has convincingly proved its theoretical stance to be absolute.

The use of illegal medicines find out my pharmacy order cheap cialis affect the sexual power in men. Therefore, if cialis 40 mg you have been taking certain medications continually, speak to your doctor. So due to the online sale of cialis 10 mg to be aware of fake products. viagra pills from india So, it is better to take herbal treatment to beat impotence has now proved to be the most trusted drug for erectile dysfunction. Interestingly, neither the behaviorist or Neo-Freudian has been quick to adopt the insights of biological and neuropsychological research.  Dreams appear to be an emergent phenomenon of normal brain function.  The brain cleans away the detritus between the neural synapses at night, after being cluttered with the litter of thought during the day.  The wash and spin cycle of the brain produces images, sensations and emotions as a consequence of its self-care.  It is true that memories appear to consolidate after a nights sleep, but this may be another emergent property of brain housekeeping.  Arousal, attention and memory are reinvigorated after a good night’s sleep.  On the other hand, a person’s cognitive abilities will decline progressively with each episode of REM sleep that is missed.  There is ample hard scientific proof of the cognitive deterioration that ensues from REM deprivation.  The survival of the organism is clearly the most important function of REM sleep, and dreams emerge as a consequence of this survival mechanism.

Psychological assessments of brain function, in general, need to pay more attention to the influence of sleep.  A scientifically informed psychological assessment will measure the patient’s cognitive status.  Next, the factor or factors that have affected cognitive functioning will be examined.  Impoverished dreaming is rarely mentioned as an important factor.  It’s influence on cognition is often under-appreciated by the best of clinicians.  Poor REM sleep may have negative consequences that are within the current scope of psychological treatment.  A person’s job and relationships may be negatively affected by poor attention, arousal and memory.  The content of the dream is of secondary importance to the cognitive status of the patient, and its influence on their waking life.

Perhaps the Neo-Freudians will prove that the interpretation of dream content is essential to psychotherapy.  Perhaps the behaviorists will prove that dreams have no bearing on the modification of human thoughts and behavior, whatsoever.  Current psychological beliefs tend to ignore the evidence before our very faces.  Whether we dream is very important, but the importance of what we dream is still a matter of opinion.

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