Thank God! The holidays are over. This is a common harangue at this time of the year. It seems ridiculous that a time of year intended to give thanks and count one’s blessings should lead to so much tension. Perhaps the unintended consequence is ridiculous, but the ill effects are not. There are many reasons why people become depressed at this time of year, and here are a few. First, the way the Christmas Holiday has been configured in America, it is maximized towards the desires of young children, as their gifts comprise the greatest slice of the economic picture. This echoes the direction of motion pictures to offer material enjoyed by the adolescent and young adult ticket purchasers. This is not an evil plan, to my knowledge, but the typical manifestation of a market to make the most of its opportunities. This does not mean that it will be welcomed by all members of our society, as is clearly the case. Listening to one’s children complain about the paucity or selection of the gifts can infuse the occasion with a sense of meaninglessness. If you are a middle-class American, it is likely you turned in the same performance as a child.
Second, the holidays tend to bring back memories of loved ones that are no longer around. Whether they are deceased or merely estranged is less important than the way we are affected by the distance. There may be an unfulfilled need for this person, or a desire to make amends and reestablish contact. Either way the affected person may be morose or even mildly depressed at a time when we are all supposed to be happy. The expectation that one should be particularly happy during this time of year makes thoughts of loss and longing especially burdensome.
Third, what of this social obligation to be happy during the holidays? Social demands form the core of culture, and we tend to experience feelings when we accomplish or ignore cultural demands. Even if a person is not particularly sad during the holidays, there is an expectation of being happier than usual. If we do not acquiesce to this social demand, we are apt to feel guilt at the lack of our responsiveness. Another perception is anger at being subtly told how to think and feel, even if the consequences of not conforming are nothing more than disapproving looks. The behavioral literature is bursting with examples of how controlling another person’s behavior tends to increase the pressure to resist. People do not like to be pushed into ways of thinking and feeling; unless they believe it was at their initiative.
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Fourth, and perhaps the least discussed, is the holidays bring us into contact with people we may not like. Many friends and patients describe the familial and work obligations that are less than enjoyable. Perhaps due to the social demand of being happy and friendly during the holidays, most people tend not to acknowledge this potentially unpleasant aspect of the season. Even in the closest of family and work relationships, there are people one would rather not see more than once per year-if that! To buck and bridle about visiting the besotted “Uncle Jimmy” runs the risk of being branded a “Scrooge.” See, there is even a special designation for those unfortunates who do not have the appropriate “Christmas spirit.”
What can one do to stem the tide of emotions that flood during the holidays? The first is an automatic response to most mental health issues. Wait. Most of the negative emotions dissipate rapidly after the holiday season. Watching the apparently unappreciative children enjoying their toys, and besotted Uncle Jimmy wearing your gift, tends to ameliorate the initial reaction. January is a “git back to work” month when few expect to be particularly happy. Nature obligingly provides cold cloudy days to accomplish all the accumulated work. It seems a bit natural to be down in January, such that the social expectation to be joyful nearly vanishes! As in my other posts on depression, the typical waiting period is three to six months. If your depressive symptoms do not lessen within this time frame, it is likely that a depressive disorder has caught hold and will require professional treatment. Fortunately for most, the negative aspects of this season fade from view as the more positive aspects take hold in one’s memory. Please leave comments regarding this post in the section below.
Many people have a goal of reducing or eliminating anxiety in their lives. Through groundbreaking research in the 1950’s, the average person is aware that chronic stress may lead to unpleasant health effects. Heart disease to hair loss is ascribed to chronic stress. It begs the question as to how stress differs from anxiety, or does it? Perhaps it is best to begin with a definition of terms.
Chronic anticipation of the future is considered anxiety, and if one views this future as negative and unavoidable, then it is more apt to receive the label of stress. Anxiety is often viewed as a symptom of the mind, and stress is perceived as affecting both the mind and body in a negative fashion. Anxiety may have positive connotations; such as anticipation of a wedding or performing in front of an audience. The original conception of stress segregated it into the two poles entitled distress and eustress. Distress is obvious, but eustress is a term not likely to be encountered since it was first coined. Eustress refers to the type of anxiety experienced as relatively pleasant and stimulating. Rushing home from work to usher a child to band practice may have multiple interpretations. It may be experienced as an opportunity for personal time with the child. Band practice is an enriching and stimulating activity. The situation may also be perceived as a helpless madcap dash that always seems to end with a tardy and upset child. Stress research strongly emphasizes the role of a person’s evaluation of their situation. If someone feels caught and helpless in a situation, even if they have real control, they will experience the bodily effects of chronic stress.
There does not appear to be much difference between eustress and optimistic nervous anticipation. Perhaps anxiety commonly denotes short-term nervous anticipation and eustress tends to favor a longer experience of the pleasant anxiety. Unpleasant anxiety is experienced as stressful if the person becomes convinced that they are unable to help themselves or others in a meaningful way. A perceived lack of power to effect the unpleasant situation is the most direct route to physical decline. When rodents are punished in an arbitrary fashion, shocked on a random basis, they will uniformly give up and sit shaking in a corner. A reduced appetite, weight loss and a diminished lifespan result if this torture is continued. Sexual activity in the rodent disappears, and subsequent socialization is minimal and not helpful to their survival. The key cognitive factor initiating distress appears to be helplessness-a profound lack of control.
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Unfortunately, there is no research to support that a greater level of real control results in a less anxious person. If a person believes they have control over their environment, then they typically report less symptoms of anxiety than most people. Many of my patients over the years report chronic anxiety over the welfare of children and other close others. Most of these people do not classify themselves as anxious, nor do they meet the criteria of an anxiety disorder. Many of my patients worry about their jobs on a chronic basis, their health and the fidelity of their partners. Few of these patients meet the criteria of an anxiety disorder, nor are they experiencing stress-related illnesses. On the other hand, many people believe they are in control of their life, but they cannot consciously admit certain fears that conflict with their confident self-image. For example, a wealthy business owner came to be evaluated for his emotions and cognition, secondary to several stress-related symptoms. He was happy at work, which he controlled, but felt foolish and incompetent at home, which he did not control. This person did not meet the criteria for depressive or anxiety disorders, rather the chronic stress he experienced at home made him avoidant of his family. He doctor shopped to explain the hair loss, stomach troubles and irritable sadness he experienced in the presence of his family.
Perhaps the only way to avoid anxiety is to avoid living. Less anxiety is also equatable with less joy, less expectation and a diminished sense of being fully alive. The avoidance of stressful anxiety appears to balance on a person’s perception of control. The strange truth is that an easy-going homeless pauper may experience less stressful anxiety than the King of Araby! Maximizing the anxiety that enlivens and minimizing the stress that kills is a key challenge to constructing an ideal life. Please leave comments regarding this article in the space provided below.